Saturn V

The first stage had five engines referred to as S-IC. The second stage, or S-II, had five J2 engines, which were smaller than the engines on Stage 1. The third stage was referred to S-IVB with only one engine. On top of the stages was the lunar module, which was used to land on the moon. It was covered by the lunar module adapter, which is made up of four panels. The Service Module had engines that were needed for lunar orbit. The command module was used to carry the crew from Earth to the moon. The top piece is the launch escape system, which was used to carry the crew away from the rocket in the event of an emergency. 42 miles above the Earth, S-IC would run out of fuel and detach from the spacecraft, descending back to Earth. This is when the five J2 engines would start and fire up on S-II at the same altitude, when the launch escape system gets detached as it is no longer required. After the Saturn V reaches 109 Miles S-II runs out of fuel and detaches. S-IVB engine is fired up and is used up in Parking Orbit 118 miles above Earth and 131 miles below where the International Space Station orbits. After orbiting Earth to ensure all systems are good, the engine from S-IVB is fired up again. For the Translunar Injection, sending Saturn V is sent away from Earth to the moon. After the engines are out of fuel, all four Lunar Module Adapter panels will detach while the Command and Service Module will turn around one hundred and eighty degrees to attach the top end to the Lunar Module and pull it off. A Passive Thermal Control also nicknamed “Barbeque Roll,” is when the spacecraft spins and keeps even heat distribution due to temperatures in space. A Free Return Trajectory was used if the astronauts were unable to land on the moon and had to return to Earth. While the spacecraft orbits the moon, it will lose signal from Earth while it orbits the opposite side. The Service Module engine would fire up to help slow down the spacecraft as it enters the moon's atmosphere. When it was time to land, two astronauts entered the Service Module, and one would keep orbiting the moon. The Lunar Module would extend its legs and detach from the command module. For safety concerns, it will need to be two miles away from the command module to fire the descent engine, which is for 30 seconds. It will go into Descent Orbit Insertion. The two astronauts need to land on a flat surface. The Lunar Module is made out of two pieces. The Descent Stage, which was used to bring the astronauts down to the surface of the Moon. The Ascent Stage will be left behind when the astronauts return to the Command Module by firing the engine enough to get back into Lunar Orbit. It will take a few orbits before attaching back to the Command Module, where valuables and astronauts were transferred. The Ascent Stage was either abandoned, just floating in space, or crashed into the moon. All three astronauts remained in the Command Module for the trip back to Earth. Once back in Earth's Orbit, the Service Module detaches, and only the Command Module will land in the ocean for reentry. Parachutes are deployed to give a smoother splashdown. The components of Saturn V are hanging off the ceiling at the Apollo & Saturn V Center.